Advanced Topics

Visiospatial Reasoning

  • Visual - what
  • Spatial - where
  • Causality - implicit.
  • VSR enables inferences about causality

Imagine u see a cup and a pool of water around it. We immediately infer causality that cup should have had water, and it tipped and water spilled around it.

2019-07-25_07h30_11.png

Two Views of Reasoning

vsr_1.gif

vsr_2.gif

  • What human cognition does is open question. But there is an agreement it does analogical representation.
  • Analogical representation is not analogical reasoning.
  • We dont know how to do mental imagery in computers though human cognition uses that

Symbol Grounding Problem

2019-07-25_07h44_41.png

Example 1

In [1]:
from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('RLm2qIArsVc')
Out[1]:

Example 2

2019-07-25_08h01_25.png

RPM

We are familiar with these papers. Great work, Kunda and McGreggor.

In [2]:
from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('sVyY2A0oSj8')
Out[2]:

Systems thinking

2019-07-25_08h13_02.png

Connections

In complex systems, many levels of abstractiosn may be visible or invisible. Senses are limited only to visible so Systems thinking helps to discover invisble abstractions.

In [3]:
from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('zK3VmdJottw')
Out[3]:

Structure-Function-Behaviour

sbf_1.gif

Design

Thinking about ill-defined, unconstrained, open ended problems

2019-07-25_08h55_53.png

In [4]:
from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('MfO9kSNyLvA')
Out[4]:
  • Both problem and solution co-evolves
  • Not clear how humans to do, but Bhatta (1994) created IDOL a very simple creative system

Creativity

2019-07-25_11h10_59.png

  • Emergence: I draw a 3 lines, and a triangle emerges which was not there
  • Re-representation: When original representation is not conducive, we re represent. In analogical reasoning, if original re is earth rotates around the sun, and target has electron revolves the sun, we could change the former to suit
  • Serendipity: A problem in past is in suspended state, later suddenly from another experience a solution emerges for that. Eg: Velcro story.

Also note some other is important. That is, there could be more processes of creativity.

Exercises

There are not much right or wrong answers here.

AI Ethics

In [5]:
from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('Q_SYlKobUPU')
Out[5]: